THE USE OF ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY DURING THE STUDY METRIC SPACES BY STUDENTS

Abstract

The study of metric spaces students of physical and mathematical specialties in higher education institutions begin, as a rule, in the second year, when studying the functions of several variables. This study is largely devoted to the differential and integral properties of these functions in different metric spaces.
The paper proposes the use of elements of metric geometry to deepen knowledge of the properties of metric spaces in their study by students in physical and mathematical specialties of pedagogical direction. This approach is due to the rapid development of metric geometry in modern mathematics and its widespread use in various fields of science and economics. Much of the material of classical Euclidean geometry can be represented in the form of analytical relationships between its basic concepts: point, distance between points, angle, segment. An example here is the classical Pythagorean theorem on the relationship between the lengths of the sides of a right triangle.
In this paper, based on the axioms of the distance between the points of the metric space, some analytical relations are given that are geometric in Euclidean geometry. Thus, there is a possibility of geometric structuring of metric spaces. This allows students to study these spaces from a geometric point of view, building in them images of classical geometric concepts.
Part of the proposed material, due to its simplicity, can be used when working with students in classes with in-depth study of mathematics in secondary education. To this end, the paper considers the specific definitions of the rectilinear location of the points of the metric space, the angle formed by the three points of space and its angular characteristics. They greatly simplify the perception of these results and allow their design in the school course of mathematics.