Paralympic movement genesis in the context of the main challenges of human development

Abstract

The article represents the main idea of the issue of social inclusion of people with disabilities, in particular in the field of physical education and sports, in the context of the main provisions of the concept of human development. It is emphasized that the main priorities of civil society should be increasing the social standards of life of Ukrainian citizens, in particular the system of measures to overcome social exclusion.
It is noted that the issue of the inclusive civil society is raised in Ukraine, where citizens with disabilities are involved in the active community life. One of the ways to achieve tolerance, equality and respect for people with disabilities is through sports, including high achievement sports. Disability is defined as a social phenomenon.
Attention is drawn to the unsatisfactory state of the institutions of training of athletes of higher qualification, especially athletes with disabilities. In 2014, Ukraine lost its only National Paralympic Training and Rehabilitation Center (Evpatoria) because of the annexation (occupation) of the Crimea by the Russian Federation.
The origins of the Paralympic movement in the world and in Ukraine are outlined. It is noted that the initiator of the use of sport as a means of social and physical rehabilitation of people with disabilities is considered by English neurosurgeon Ludwig Guttmann, who was engaged in the rehabilitation of British veterans of the Second World War with spinal cord injuries. Winter sports for people with disabilities began to emerge gradually after the Second World War, as many injured military servicemen tried to return to their sports activities. One of the founders of winter sports for people with disabilities was S. Zwicknagl from Austria with two amputated legs, who experimented with the use of prostheses in ski sports.
The uniqueness of the national state system of physical culture and sports management of people with disabilities is emphasized. Established since 1989, sports and health clubs of the disabled become the basis for the creation of national sports federations of disabled persons with various types of lesions: musculoskeletal system, visual impairment, hearing and intelligence.