MUSICAL EDUCATION IN THE SEMINARIES OF TEACHERS IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 19 – EARLY 20 CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHERSON SEMINARY OF TEACHERS)

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of music education of future teachers in the South of Ukraine in the second half of XIX – early XX century, reveals the prerequisites and history of teachers’ seminaries. It is noted that the main task of these institutions was to fill the shortage of teachers for secondary education. The list of documents regulating their activity is given.
The degree of research of the problem with an emphasis on the work of scientists who developed the transformation and development of music education is analyzed (I. Aveskulova, S. Volkova, T. Gryzoglazova, T. Grishchenko, V. Gurina, M. Dpnilyuk, A. Zhelan, L. Koval, G. Padalka, O. Rostovsky, L. Sbitneva and others).
Attention is paid to how the reforms of the 60-70s of the XIX century of the Russian Empire in the field of education affected the peculiarities of the formation and development of the educational system of southern Ukraine, in particular Kherson province (emergence of pedagogical courses in Kherson and Yelisavetgrad, annual teachers’ congresses).
The peculiarities of the life of pupils of teacher’s seminaries, the daily routine on holidays and weekdays, the attitude to teaching music and singing in institutions of this type, the peculiarities of teaching music in women’s seminaries are highlighted.
It is determined that great importance was attached to music education. In addition to traditional singing for almost all educational institutions, music (violin playing) was also studied, and it was noted that this subject is extremely important for the education of real teachers. To demonstrate their own musical achievements in teachers’ seminaries, reporting open events were held: concerts, musical and literary evenings, etc. However, it is noted that due to the lack of material support in the form of musical instruments, the study of music was not in-depth and systematic.
It is concluded that the main task of teachers’ seminaries at the end of the XIX century was to train teachers for primary schools. The archival data used in the article testify to the fact that educational institutions pay considerable attention to the issue of aesthetic development of the younger generation and the spiritual formation of a harmonious personality, in which music education is undoubtedly of special importance.