PRECONDITIONS FOR THE CREATION OF SPECIALIZED SCHOOLS OF ART ORIENTATION IN THE USSR (30-70S OF THE XX CENTURY)

Abstract

The article analyzes the influence of educational reforms in Ukraine in the Soviet period (30-70s of the XX century) on the creation of specialized art schools, which was preceded by the development of art subjects in public school ("Singing" and "Drawing").
A retrospective analysis of the problem in a wide chronological range is accomplished and the content of that time programs in these subjects is studied. As a result, the reasons and nature of quantitative changes in the hourly load for art subjects in the curricula of schools with Ukrainian and Russian languages of study are identified.
The analysis of the source base gave grounds to state: despite the various goals set by the state during the years of "workers' country" formation before school education, periodic inclusion and exclusion from the curricula of various subjects, Music and Art not only did not disappear but also firmly established in the list of basic disciplines of general secondary education schools. This was primarily due to the understanding of the significant influence of these arts in the formation of integrated knowledge in students, the recognition of their significant potential to expand the worldview of the Soviet man, who according to state limits was to be formed as a highly cultured person. There was also a significant influence on the comprehensive, in particular, on the aesthetic raising of a child, as in the process of learning developed artistic tastes, moral and spiritual qualities, a sense of beauty, a sense of harmony.
The irregularity distribution of hours for the study of artistic and aesthetic cycle subjects: from the gradual increase (50s of the last century) of training hours for teaching "Music" and "Drawing", and later (60s of the last century) to their reduction are looked over. The nature of standardization of art programs for general secondary schools of all republics of the Soviet Union, a clear repertoire plan and its compliance with the ideology of that government are analyzed.