Development of research skills of natural sciences students in Ukraine's school education (50-90s of XX century)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to emphasize the main trends in the development of students’ research skills during the lessons of natural sciences in school education in Ukraine in the 50's and 90's of the twentieth century.
In the 1950's and 1990's, school science education underwent dramatic changes in line with the scientific achievements of Soviet science. The development of students' research skills has been facilitated by: expanding school education to link theory with practice; organization of school research sites; planting of gardens, school nurseries and shrubs and organizing practical training for them in the program of biology and naturalistic circles.
Along with the tasks of teaching the basics of the sciences and shaping the culture of agriculture, attention was paid to increasing the scientific and methodological level of students' educational and research work, to ensuring mass coverage of this work in schools. Systematic work on the development of students' research skills in the natural sciences lessons was accompanied by the corresponding development of the material and technical base: creation of agrochemical laboratories and agrochemical points; arrangement of laboratory rooms at the offices of physics, chemistry, biology; equipment in the offices of biology of botanical and zoological corners, in the office of physics - meteorological.
Given the school's mission to develop students' research skills, training was carried out in a system that included: lessons; practical training and observation at the study area, greenhouse, in the corner of wildlife; excursions to nature and agricultural production; socially useful productive work of students in agriculture. Also, classes were created with advanced study of natural sciences, optional classes were conducted, subject circles worked, theme nights, competitions, quizzes, extracurricular work were held.