THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL REFORMS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATION OF SCHOOL TEXTBOOK ON NATURAL DISCIPLINES IN UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the historical and pedagogical aspect of the problem of textbook creation, in particular the influence of educational reforms on its development in Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century. The author substantiates the urgency of the problem, clarifies the content of key concepts "textbook creation", "textbook theory", analyzes the advantages and difficulties, strengths and weaknesses in creating a school textbook on natural sciences in education at that time, traced the vector and dynamics of changes in this process within outlined chronological boundaries.
Studying of scientific works on the history of pedagogy have made it possible to find out how scientific and technological progress, the ruling power at different stages of development of society, socio-political and socio-economic conditions have caused problems and some difficulties in this direction of activity of educational branch.
As the requirements for the school textbook have always been high, the process of its creation required special approaches, improving the quality of its development and production, while modernizing the structure, updating the content. An attempt is made to trace the nature of such changes in the period from the early 1950s to the beginning of the next.
Modern requirements for the development of school textbooks have become much more complicated. At the same time, the classical canons, prescribed in the days of Y.A. Comenius, remain relevant today. Accordingly, based on a retrospective analysis of processes in this period, the mechanisms of textbook creation, difficulties and nature of changes in the algorithm of development, selection, implementation of the school book, taking into account its specifics for the study of natural sciences are defined.
Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature revealed the main achievements in solving problems of creating a school textbook for the study of natural sciences, identified opportunities for extrapolation of constructive experience of the past in modern theory and practice of education, which periodically undergoes significant transformations.