PREPARING STUDENTS FOR LIFE AS A PURPOSE OF UKRAINIAN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN BUKOVYNA (END OF XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the topical problem of preparing students for life. The authors highlighted the experience of preparing children and youth for life in vocational schools in Bukovyna (late XIX – early XX century). The creative achievements of Bukovynian teachers, public and educational figures in the field of development of the theory and practice of Ukrainian professional education, in particular agronomic, are shown. Progressive teachers of Bukovyna defined the purpose and tasks, substantiated methods, forms and various basic aspects of education of students' economic culture. They considered this as one of the key moments in preparing a school graduate for practical life, given the social composition of the region's population (dominated by the peasantry), mentality, national traditions, etc. A system of continuous agronomic education was launched in Bukovyna, and educators proposed effective forms and methods of education for young men and women: thematic lectures on cooperation, agriculture, trade, etc. Ukrainian public associations of the region («Ruska Besida», «Ukrainska Shkola», numerous women's associations, Mutual Assistance of Ukrainian Teachers, etc.) actively developed professional education. The authors described the activities of some educational institutions (Ukrainian real gymnasium in Vashkivtsi, weaving school in Chernivtsi, higher agricultural school in Chernivtsi, agricultural school in Kitsman), as well as various courses in accounting, tailoring and sewing, economic, cooperative, folk crafts courses, etc. Primary schools in Bukovyna ensured the process of forming students' practical skills: teaching the subject «handicrafts» for boys during the first four years involved the manufacture of teaching aids and household items and household items; the girls mastered handicrafts: crochet and knitting, cross-stitch, etc. In the senior classes they formed practical skills of repairing (patching) clothes, cutting and sewing shirts, spinning, weaving on a machine, etc.
In modern educational practice, it is advisable to creatively use a number of theoretical and practical achievements of Ukrainian public societies in Bukovyna, the achievements of teachers in the region regarding preparing school graduates and youth for practical life.