TO THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE OF A LITERARY WORK

Abstract

The article highlights the key problems of studying literature in general secondary education institutions, related to the logical and conceptual analysis of the work of art and its emotional and aesthetic perception by schoolchildren. The purpose of studying a work of art is considered to be emotional-mental and moral-aesthetic development of readers-students, which corresponds to the paradigm of personality-oriented education, is determined by the specifics of the art of speech and is provided by the nature of cognitive activity of readers-students.
Cognition of a work of art is based on the teachings of O. Potebnia about the word-image, its subjective meaning in a certain context, as a result of which the word acquires an additional meaning, which gives it a figurative character. In this way, not only the pictorial function of the word is realized but also the expressive one.
The authors have analysed scientific works that indicate the analytical process of aesthetic perception of a work of art, as well as reveal the possibilities of technological teaching of literature as an effective factor in mental development and personal formation of students. It is proposed to combine in teaching algorithmic schemes of activity, characterized by more or less accurate reproduction of mental actions and their results, and search technologies, which are less regulated and provide a creative nature of cognitive activity.
There are examples that illustrate the logic and sequence of mental actions of the algorithmic type, as well as the order of search work, which stimulates the creative efforts of students. On the example of studying the novel-chronicle of P. Kulish "Black Council", students demonstrated hypotheses to explain national problems of Ukrainian people and options for possible development of artistic and historical events, which contributed to the activation of students’ cognitive activity and education of their national consciousness.